Unboxing the New EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive
There is much to unpack in the now final text of the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive. In partnership with the German Institute for Human Rights, this blog symposium discusses the Directive's scope on human and environmental rights, its extraterritorial reach, the role of National Human Rights Institutions, accompanying measures for corporations, and delves into critical issues such as access to justice for rightsholders, administrative oversight, and the underlying neo-colonial context of the law-making process.
Read all articles >>The ITLOS Advisory Opinion on Climate Change
On May 21, 2024, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) delivered a long-awaited Advisory Opinion on climate change and international law. This joint blog symposium with the Sabin Center's Climate Law Blog delves into specific aspects of the ITLOS opinion and situates it in the wider context of climate and environmental litigation.
Read all articles >>The East German Gap
Reflecting on guiding principles and content, history and practice.
Continue reading >>Leerstelle Ostdeutschland
Nachdenken über Leitideen und Inhalte, Geschichte und Praxis.
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Volume 6,Issues 1
April 2024
LATEST POSTS
Consensus, at what Cost?
After four applications for provisional measures, three sets of formal orders and two rounds of oral hearings, on Friday night, the International Court of Justice in South Africa v. Israel delivered a long-awaited Order. It is, to be frank, most unsatisfactory. While the Court is known for its “Solomonic” decisions, which try to give each party a little of what they asked for at times to no one’s satisfaction, this is not a maritime boundary delimitation where equidistance can be imposed in pursuit of impartiality.
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Harmonization Pains but Stakeholders’ Gain
The Article 13 EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive is home of the meaningful engagement provision. It is significantly more robust than similar provisions in national due diligence legislation in France, Germany and Norway. Despite the fact that a number of differences between EU CSDDD and these national laws is likely to give rise to some “harmonization pains”, one silver lining exists: stakeholders gain some leverage.
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The ITLOS Advisory Opinion and Marine Geoengineering
The ITLOS advisory opinion does little to resolve the long-standing uncertainty regarding the legal status of marine geoengineering activities. On the contrary, the opinion raises more questions than it answers. ITLOS seems content to leave those questions to others. Indeed, in the advisory opinion, ITLOS noted that “marine geoengineering has been the subject of discussions and regulations in various fora,” including the London Convention and Protocol. But after nearly twenty years, the regulatory framework for marine geoengineering adopted by the parties to the London Convention and Protocol is still not, strictly speaking, legally binding. Perhaps the advisory opinion will spur the parties into action.
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Unboxing the New EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive
There is a lot to unpack in the now final text of the Directive. The German Institute for Human Rights offers initial analysis in this blog symposium, which starts with this contribution. The contributions engage with the final text of the Directive and give some initial guidance for interpretation and transposition requirements. Topics covered include a critical reflection on the neo-colonial context of the the law-making process, access to justice and administrative supervision measures for rightsholders, the scope of human and environmental rights that are covered by the Directive as well as the transposition phase with comparative analysis in the context of existing national due diligence legislation, its extraterritorial reach and the involvement of National Human Rights Institutions.
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The East German Gap
Reflecting on guiding principles and content, history and practice.
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Leerstelle Ostdeutschland
Nachdenken über Leitideen und Inhalte, Geschichte und Praxis.
Continue reading >>
Schutz vor einer Politik durch Köpfe
Das BVerfG bleibt seiner restriktiven Rechtsprechung zum politischen Beamten treu. Die Kritik an dem Beschluss schießt aus allen Rohren – aber mit Platzpatronen. Die Entscheidung geht den überfälligen Schritt, einer Politik durch Köpfe im gesetzesvollziehenden Teil der Exekutive die Grenzen aufzuzeigen. Amtscourage, nicht politische Konformität, ist das Leitbild des Personals der Republik.
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Die Beamtenschaft zwischen Courage und Pflicht
In den nächsten Wochen stehen in diversen Bundesländern Kommunalwahlen an, im September in Brandenburg, Sachsen und Thüringen Landtagswahlen. Welche Reaktionsmöglichkeiten oder gar -pflichten bestehen für die Beamtenschaft, falls Funktionäre einer autoritär-populistischen Partei in höchste Verwaltungspositionen gelangen und in der Folgezeit im Dienst juristisch bedenkliche Anordnungen erteilen sollten? Wie die Beamtengesetze zeigen, können Beamt:innen in solchen Konstellationen in rechtliche und emotionale Unsicherheits- und Konfliktsituationen geraten, die nicht unterschätzt werden sollten.
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A Collision Foretold
On 16 May, four Dutch parties presented a new governing agreement (Agreement). The four parties PVV, VVD, NSC, and BBB will form one of the most right-wing governments in Dutch history. They vow to impose the strictest migration policy to date. The proposed migration measures under the Agreement endanger the fundamental rights of migrants and people applying for international protection. The plan also put the Netherlands on a collision course with the EU as many of the measures are contrary to the provisions in the EU Migration Pact, which was adopted last week.
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After Switzerland Comes Austria
The KlimaSeniorinnen judgment of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) has been the subject of intense debate for several weeks. One focus was on the question of standing, i.e., who can bring a lawsuit connected to climate change and human rights before the ECtHR. However, less attention has been paid to the question of the impact of the judgment on currently pending climate change cases before the ECtHR. This blog post sheds light on “climate change case number four”, a case against Austria primarily challenging the shortcomings of the Austrian Climate Protection Act.
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Unlocking UNCLOS
By advancing a more holistic vision of climate-relevant international law—one that seeks to harmonise but also allow for complementary interaction amongst the obligations set under different regimes—the ITLOS advisory opinion offers hope. It holds out the promise of a synergistic international legal response to climate change that better maps to the integrated and interconnected nature the ecosystems at stake and to the multi-pronged regulatory effort that will be needed to safeguard our climate system.
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On Rebuilding and … Keeping the Rule of Law
When I think about the challenge of rebuilding the rule of law in Poland after years filled with unimaginably lawless legal and factual acts and hateful words tearing the Polish Constitution to shreds and offering adequate recipes, the starting point is framing the discussion. A correct description of the starting point determines the route and provides the background against which one can evaluate more detailed legislative choices made along the way. The route must be determined by “fidelity to the Constitution”. Finally, our avowed destination must be framed in clear terms as restoring the meaning and respect to the basic elements of the Polish legal order. I argue that the latter must become the new narrative of lawyers, politicians and citizens alike if we are to succeed.
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Nigeria as a Safe Country of Origin?
On May 7th 2024 Italy updated its list of safe countries of origin (SCO) for the second time after the introduction of the notion in the national legal system in 2019. Notably, the latest update retained the most contentious addition to the list from last year, Nigeria. Until then, only Cyprus considered Nigeria as generally safe. The legal issues underlying this designation illustrate how country of origin information (COI), largely provided to Member States by the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA), is (mis)used to produce policy-based evidence rather than evidence-based policies.
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Mythos Wertefundament
In einer Gesellschaft, die sich über alles Mögliche mit zunehmender Aggressivität streitet, scheint das Grundgesetz, dessen 75. Geburtstag jetzt allenthalben begangen wird, eine Art letzter Fixpunkt des Konsenses zu sein. Man hält sich an ihm fest und ist dafür dankbar. Dies ist auch deswegen erstaunlich, weil dieses Grundgesetz ja nicht sonderlich weit entfernt vom politischen Streit operiert. Es ist kein viel geliebtes Kulturgut wie die Bilder Caspar David Friedrichs oder die deutsche Nationalmannschaft in ihren besseren Zeiten, sondern das Medium in dem und um das gestritten wird. Tatsächlich gibt es viele Indizien dafür, dass es mit dem Konsens um das Grundgesetz nicht weit her ist.
Continue reading >>Elisabeth Selbert
Dr. Elisabeth Selbert, who took her A levels in self-study and completed her law degree in six semesters, did her doctorate – ahead of her time – on the principle of irretrievable breakdown of marriage. As a member of the Parliamentary Council, she was one of the four ‘mothers’ of the German Constitution. The inclusion of ‘Men and women shall have equal rights’ in Art. 3 (2) of the Basic Law (‘Grundgesetz’) is her merit. On the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the ‘Grundgesetz’, this contribution aims to portray her life, achievements and impact in a short profile.
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The ITLOS Advisory Opinion on Climate Change
On May 21, 2024, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) delivered a long-awaited Advisory Opinion on climate change and international law. This marks the first time that an international tribunal has issued an advisory opinion on State obligations regarding climate change mitigation. The Advisory Opinion addresses several key questions regarding application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) in the context of climate change. There is much to explore in terms of both the content of the ITLOS advisory opinion and its potential implications for global, regional, and local efforts to combat climate change. To facilitate discussion and the exchange of ideas, the Sabin Center's Climate Law Blog and Verfassungsblog are partnering on a blog symposium on the ITLOS opinion. In this first, introductory blog, we outline the background to the advisory opinion and highlight some of the key takeaways from it.
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Studierendenproteste im Versammlungsrecht
Auch in Deutschland nehmen Studierendenproteste gegen den Gaza-Krieg zu. Wie in den Vereinigten Staaten errichten Studierende dabei häufig Protestcamps, um auf ihr Anliegen aufmerksam zu machen. In einigen Städten wurden entsprechende Protestcamps rasch geräumt, in anderen Städten reagierten die Behörden dagegen zunächst mit Auflagen. Während Proteste, die den Hochschulbetrieb schwerwiegend stören, beschränkt und notfalls auch verboten bzw. aufgelöst werden dürfen, sind Proteste unterhalb dieser Schwelle in den meisten Fällen grundsätzlich vom Versammlungsrecht gedeckt. Ob dabei aber Protestcamps eingerichtet werden dürfen, ist eine Einzelfallfrage. Hingegen sind die Hochschulen in der Regel nicht befugt, eigenmächtig gegen als Versammlung zu qualifizierende Protestformen vorzugehen.
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Rechtsaußen in Europa
Die Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) ist nicht die einzige Rechtsaußen-Partei, die vor einem möglichen Wahlerfolg steht. In vielen europäischen Ländern erleben Parteien die sich vehement gegen Einwanderung, die vermeintliche „Elite“ und die Europäische Union (EU) wenden einen Popularitätsschub. Meinungsumfragen deuten darauf hin, dass sie bei den kommenden Europawahlen im Juni 2024 bis zu einem Viertel der Sitze gewinnen könnten. Bei näherer Betrachtung wird jedoch deutlich, dass es trotz ihrer augenscheinlichen Kameradschaft und gemeinsamen Ideologie bemerkenswerte Unterschiede zwischen diesen Kräften in den 27 EU-Mitgliedstaaten gibt.
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Amtsgedanke und neutralisierter Demokratiebegriff
Die Frage, wie ein demokratisches Personalverfassungsrecht aussehen sollte, wird selten gestellt. Die Leerstelle betraf bislang auch und gerade die Institution des sogenannten politischen Beamten, die nach § 54 Abs. 1 BBG, § 30 Abs. 1 BeamtStG jederzeit in den einstweiligen Ruhestand versetzt werden können. Mit einem jetzt veröffentlichten Beschluss vom 9. April 2024 hat der Zweite Senat des Bundesverfassungsgerichts diese Lücke geschlossen. Mit wenig plausiblen Gründen opfert das Gericht eine für das Personalverfassungsrecht des Grundgesetzes wesentliche Institution auf dem Altar seiner Entpolitisierungsbestrebungen.
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Unfriedlichkeit statt Verhinderungsblockade
Die Polizeifestigkeit der Versammlung gehörte bislang zu den Grundpfeilern des deutschen Versammlungsrechts. Danach muss die zuständige Behörde eine Versammlung zunächst auflösen, bevor sie weitergehende Maßnahmen ergreifen darf. Diese schlichte Schrittfolge bereitet den handelnden Behörden in der Praxis dennoch oftmals erstaunliche Schwierigkeiten. Dieses Problem steht auch im Zentrum der Entscheidung des BVerwG vom 27. März 2024.
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