Journal of the Clay Science Society of Japan (in Japanese)
Online ISSN : 2186-3563
Print ISSN : 0470-6455
ISSN-L : 0470-6455
Volume 26, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
  • Takashi WATANABE
    1986 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 238-246
    Published: December 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    During the last five decades, a good many of analytical and identification methods for interstratified (mixed-layer) clay minerals have been reported. The historical development of them was reviewed and they were classified into some groups according to their fundamental theory. The identification methods of illite /smectite interstratified structure were discussed and commented.
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  • Atsuyuki INOUE
    1986 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 247-262
    Published: December 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The conversion reactions of mixed-layer (interstratified) minerals can be applied as a sensitive indicator to estimate the degree of reaction progress during water-mineral interaction undet relatively mild conditions of the upper part of earth crust such as weathering, diagenesis, and hydrothermal alteration conditions. This reviews recent trends of researches with regard to the conversion reactions of mixed-layer illite/smeetite and trioctahedral chlorite/smectite in diagenetic and hydrothermal alteration processes and particularly focuses the mechanism of the conversion reactions.
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  • Norihiko KOHYAMA, Haruo YOTSUMOTO, Yoshiharu NAKAJIMA
    1986 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 263-280
    Published: December 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Although only five decades passed since the first electron microscope was born in Germany in the year of 1932, during this period electron microscopy has made a great contribution to clay mineralogy. The recent electron microscope has been greatly developed in its ability, and is not only a microscope but a comprehensive analytical instrument which is able to detect and analyze almost all informations carried by various kinds of secondary rays radiated from specimens. This article reviews the recent studies of clay minerals, which have been made in Japan by transmission electron microscopy, with emphasis placed on what specimen preparation methods were employed in their studies. The studies conducted hitherto are categorized, into a few subjects from the view point of specimen preparation methods. The authors emphasized the importance of the use of the ion thining method for the study of clay minerals because the method has scarecely been used in the field in contrast with its active use in petrology.
    Recent technological developements of high resolution analytical electron microscopes are also briefly reviewed, and it is mentioned what kinds of studies using it can be hoped in clay mineralogy.
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  • Naganori YOSHINAGA
    1986 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 281-291
    Published: December 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    With its large area of reactive surfaces, the clay fraction plays a significant, or often even the decisive, role in determining the properties of the soil. Elucidation of the nature of the clay constituents is therefore essential to understanding of the properties and behaviors of the soil. Clay mineralogical studies of Ando soils over the last 30 years have established that the development of the soils is primarily characterized by the formation of poorly-ordered clay materials such as allophane, and imogolite from volcanic ash. Where organic supply is abundant, however, the formation of such clay constituents is inhibited by the formation of stable Al-humus complexes, whose accumulation, along with concurrent deposition of opaline silica, at the surface horizons constitutes another characteristic of the development of the soils. It is also known that there are some Ando soils which contain little or no allophane and imogolite but are dominated by 2: 1 and 2: 1: 1 type minerals and their intergrades, or in which halloysite or gibbsite have formed abundantly at depth. Analysis of such clay mineralogical features have revealed that the clay mineralogical composition of Ando soils varies rather widely in response to the age of the soils, the depth of horizons, the organic supply, and many other factors involved in the pedogenesis. In the first part of this article, the history of clay mineralogical study of Ando soils in Japan was briefly reviewed, and in the second part, hitherto known nature and properties of the main clay components in the soils were summarized with reference to their genesis and their significance to the development of the soils. Mention was made of the importance of exploration of noncrystalline clay materials in soils other than Ando soils.
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  • Chuzo KATO, Kazuyuki KURODA
    1986 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 292-305
    Published: December 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Intercalation compounds of clay minerals show various properties arisen from their unique structures. The study on the clay-inorganic intercalation compounds is rapidly developing field and various synthetic methods have been proposed. New insight on the structure of the interlayer region indicates several types of interactions between silicate layers and the intercalated inorganic compounds. Clayorganic intercalation compounds can be classified into four categories. a) Organic cations can be intercalated. b) Polar organic molecules are also intercalated and the feasibility depends on the type of clay minerals. c) Clay-polymer intercalation compounds are also obtained by two different ways. d) Organic deriva-t ives are now forming a distinct area in clay-organic intercalation compounds.
    The characterization techniques of clay intercalation compounds, especially recently developed instrumental analyses (Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and High Resolution Solid State NMR), are briefly described. Intercalated molecules are now well characterized and the conformation of the guest molecules can be precisely described. Their industrial applications, such as adsorbents, ion exchange materials, catalysts, dispersing agents, pigments, insulating materials, etc., are reviewed. A future prospect of the intercalation compounds is briefly described.
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  • Historical Review
    Tomoji EGAWA
    1986 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 306-314
    Published: December 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the early 1950's, clay researchers in Japan became awareof the neccessity of organizing a national society of clay science in Japan. Having this purpose in mind, they held the first meeting on clay science (Nendokagaku-Touronkai, NT) in November, 1957. News Letters, No.1 to 3 were issued during the following one year by the organizing committee. At the second meeting of NT in December, 1968, they established the Japanese Group of Clay Research (JGCR) with 373 members, and elected Toshio Sudo as the first President.
    JGCR was composed of six divisions; the first, geology, mineralogy and economic geology; the second, mining and petroleum engineering ; thethird, ceramics ; the fourth, chemistry and physics ; the fifth, soil science, and the sixth, civil engineering and agricultural-civil engineering. JGCR published two journals. One is Nendo no Kagaku in Japanese being renamed to Nendokagaku in 1961, and the other is Clay Science in English. In addition, they published five volumes of the Advances in Clay Science from 1959 to 1965.
    In November, 1963, five years after the establishment of JGCR, the Group was promoted to the Clay Scienece Society of Japan (CSSJ) with T. Sudo, the President, and the same six divisions, publishing the two journals. The eighth meeting of NT, thus, became the first annual meeting of CSSJ and was held in November.
    The CSSJ held the 30th meeting of NT this fall. During this30 years, many events had occurred. The most paramount event to CSSJ was to host AIPEA Congress in Japan in 1969 on the 10th anniversary of JGCR. The Congress was held successfully with 313 scientists from 23 countries. Also, Handbook of Clay Science in Japanese was published in memory of the 10th anniversary. Details of how clay researchers in the 1950's and 1960's devoted their times and efforts for the foundations of JGCR and CSSJ, and for the publications of the journals were described in the text.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 315-345
    Published: December 30, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: September 20, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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