20 世紀初頭における東部内モンゴルの 天然ソーダ資源の開発と衰退. (Japanese)

Natural soda resources in Inner Mongolia were recognized as raw materials for the chemical industry during modernization in East Asia in the early 20th century. These resources were known to the Han, who settled in banners from the middle of the 19th century, and small-scale production of natural soda was carried out. Although the rise of domestic capital and foreign capital investment in China at the end of the Qing dynasty led to industrialization and increased the demand for natural soda, the market was subsequently lost to foreign-made soda ash. In the 20th century, eastern Inner Mongolia entered Japan’s sphere of influence as part of Manchuria, and Japan showed interest in eastern Inner Mongolia’s natural soda resources as one component of Manchuria’s mineral resources. Around this time, World War I broke out, and both Japan, which was struggling to import soda, and China began to pay more attention to eastern Inner Mongolia’s natural soda resources, conducting surveys as well as research and development. However, with the independence of the Chinese ethnic soda industry due to the war, the development of natural soda resources in eastern Inner Mongolia declined. This paper clarifies the role of Inner Mongolia’s natural soda resources in the development of modernized industry in East Asia by examining the historical background of the development and decline of natural soda resource utilization in eastern Inner Mongolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

内モンゴルの天然ソーダ資源は 20 世紀初頭の東アジアにおける近代化のなかで化学工業の原料とし て認識された。東部内モンゴルでは, 19 世紀中頃から入植してきた漢人によって天然ソーダ資源が知 られており, 小規模開発が行われていた。しかし, 清末頃の中国における民族資本の勃興と外国資本 の参入によって工業化が進み, 天然ソーダの需要が高まったが, その後外国製ソーダ灰に市場を奪わ れた。20 世紀に入ると東部内モンゴルは満蒙の一部として日本の勢力圏に入り, 日本は満蒙鉱物資源 として東部内モンゴルの天然ソーダ資源に興味を示していた。この時期に第一次世界大戦が勃発し, ソーダの輸入に困窮した中国と日本は東部内モンゴルの天然ソーダ資源に一層注目し, 調査研究を行 うと同時に開発にも取り組んだ。しかし, 大戦による中国民族系ソーダ工業の自立を受け, 東部内モ ンゴルの天然ソーダ資源の開発は衰退に向かった。本稿は, 東部内モンゴルの天然ソーダ資源の開発 と衰退の歴史的経緯を通して, 東アジアにおける近代化学工業の発展のなかで内モンゴルの天然ソー ダ資源の果たした役割の一端を明らかにする。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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