Health-related quality of life and its predictors among hypertensive patients on follow up at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: application of Tobit regression model

Abstract Background Health-related quality of life and its associated factors among hypertensive patients living in Ethiopia are not well studied. Therefore, this study aims to assess the level of health-related quality of life and its associated factors in hypertensive patients on follow-up in Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 339 hypertensive patients on follow-up at Yekatit 12 &Zewditu Hospitals. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using Euro Quality of Life Groups 5 Dimensions 5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) in combination with Euro Quality of Life Groups Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS). A multivariable Tobit regression model was employed to assess the association between EQ-5D-5L index, EQ-VAS, and potential predicting factors. Results The median index value and EQ-VAS Scales score was 0.86 (IQR = 0.74, 0.94) and 69 (IQR = 55, 80) respectively. The proportion of participants reporting anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort problems was highest, while the fewest patients reported problems in the self-care dimension. Older, rural residents, low income, higher stages of hypertension, increased use of antihypertensive medications, and patients with an increased hospitalization rate scored lower on health-related quality of life than others. Conclusion Health-related quality of life among hypertensive patients attending public health hospitals in Addis Ababa is unacceptably poor. Emphasis should be given to patients with higher stages of hypertension, increased use of antihypertensive medications, and an increased hospitalization rate giving due focus to older, rural residents, and low-income patients to promote their health-related quality of life.