Logistics technologies for the potential management of marine and river transport in Ukraine

Relevance of the research topic. With the outbreak of the war and the need for post-war reconstruction of the country, there is a need to resume and optimize the operation of transport taking into account “green” requirements, these necessity is caused by the further European integration of Ukraine and the implementation of the state environmental policy, which will ensure the compliance of the national sphere of freight transportation with the requirements of the European Green Course (The European Green Deal, hereinafter referred to as the EGD). Problem statement. All this requires the formation of an effective transport system in Ukraine during the war and taking into consideration the needs of the country's post-war recovery. For this reason, there is a need to conduct an analysis of the state and efficiency of transport in Ukraine by various modes of transport and perform predictive modeling of prospects and opportunities for expanding the use of water transport. Analysis of recent research and publications. The thorough analysis of the mass of information on the researched issue, published by domestic scientists, made it possible to ascertain the fact, nowadays there is no sufficient attention to the consideration of the issue of development and forecasting of the most effective models of transport provision in the context of types of transport in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Unsolved parts of the general problem. These days, the issue of predictive modeling of the ecologically oriented transport and logistics system of Ukraine in war conditions remains insufficiently researched. Study task and objective. The main goal of the study is to analyze the state of transportation by various modes of transport in Ukraine, to determine the impact of the war on the country's transport infrastructure with the aim of forming a predictive model for the optimization of the country's transport and logistics system in the conditions of the war and the country's post-war recovery. Research method and methodology. In the process of conducting the research, general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, group analysis) and special (abstraction, modelling, etc.) methods of studying economic phenomena and processes are used. The main material (study results). In order to build an ecologically oriented model of transport and logistics infrastructure, an analysis of the dynamics and volume of cargo transportation is carried out and the possibilities of optimizing their structure are determined. It is established that the volume of transportation by water transport has significantly decreased since 2009, in contrast to the situation with road transportation. Railway transportation began to decline in 2014. The conducted analysis allows us to draw a conclusion: over the past ten years, road transport has significantly increased its importance on the freight transport market of Ukraine, while other types of transport, on the contrary, have reduced their market shares. From the point of view of “ecological” expectations regarding to the prospects of influence of the transport industry of Ukraine and the state of the environment, such as redistribution of shares in favor of road transport is fearsome. The indicated trend is threatening for the possibility of fulfilling the tasks and obligations of Ukraine in the context of the EGD, as it should be the other way around - railway and water transport should increase their market shares, and road transport should, on the contrary, decrease. In order to evaluate the forecast possibilities of "greening" of the transport and logistics system of Ukraine, we conduct a forecast modeling of the possibilities of using different types of transport. The main task of the modeling is to determine the possibilities of increasing the freight traffic of water transport and railway transport and to reduce the traffic of automobiles. It is taken into account that with the beginning of the war there were restrictions on the possibilities of using sea transport in Ukraine (as a result of the occupation of territories and ports), therefore there is a need to compensate for these losses until the opportunity is restored by increasing the use of river transport. It was also taken into account that it is impossible to completely abandon road transport, but there are opportunities to increase its level of environmental friendliness. Logistics technologies play an important role in the greening of transportation, as they aim to optimize traffic and reduce the negative impact on the environment. Here are some examples of logistics technologies that contribute to green transport logistics: efficient routing; combined transportation, use of technologies of "smart" warehouses, etc. Therefore, the prospects of transport logistics in Ukraine are related to the expansion of the use of water transport. Conclusions. The conducted research makes it possible to form a predictive model of the development of the transport system of Ukraine taking into account the war and the needs of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. It has been proven that in the context of the activation of European integration processes, there is a need, in addition to the traditional tasks of transportation, to solve environmental problems related to the need to ensure compliance of the national sphere of freight transportation with the requirements of the European Green Course. That is why the justification of the feasibility of using water transport is carried out and the possible volumes of transportation by sea and river transport are determined. The expediency of using intermodal, multimodal, and feeder container transportations as those that meet the requirements of "green" standards in the transport industry has also been proven.