The Status and Challenges of Primary Health Care in China

This paper systematically reviewed the process of primary health care development of China over the past 45 years, and summarized the achievements of primary health care based on data related to primary health care draw from 2010-2012 China Health Statistics Year book, 2013-2017 China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook and 2018-2022 China Health Statistics Year book. Data of the infant mortality rate, maternal mortality rate, and average life expectancy were from the World Bank in China and upper middle income countries in 2023. The development of primary health care of China was summarized into four phases, and the achievements included the improvement of the primary health care network, coverage expansion of basic health insurance, the increase of funding and coverage of basic public health services, the steady improvement of family doctor contracts, and the continuous improvement of women's and children's health, with major health indicators ranking among the top upper middle-income countries. The current challenges include the unbalanced development of infrastructure construction in the primary medical and health system, the decline in the proportion of medical insurance funds, the lack of vitality of the management system, the low level of remuneration and imperfect incentive system. This paper summarizes the enlightenment of international experience for China's primary health care, and puts forward the future development directions and strategies.