Combustion characteristics of water-oil emulsion droplets with special additives

Relevance. Fuel oil application in power plants is characterized by increased values of underburning and anthropogenic emissions. One way to reduce anthropogenic emissions is the use of oil-water emulsions. Also, additional specialized additives are used to reduce anthropogenic emissions and improve fuel combustion characteristics. Aim. To determine the optimal fuel oil additive to reduce anthropogenic emissions and ignition delay times. Methods. The following additives: ION-M, Rosneft R503V3, Rosneft R502V1 (relative mass concentration 0.5%) were added to the water-oil fuel. The physicochemical properties of fuel oil M-100, as well as the elemental composition of CHNSO, were determined. The rheological characteristics of water-oil fuel compositions were established. Using high-speed photography, the droplet ignition delay times were determined. Using the gas analyzer, it was possible to prevent anthropogenic emissions. Results and conclusions. The results of the study showed that the additive based on a special combination of positively and negatively charged ions (ION M) reduces ignition delay times by 20–60%, when the gas temperature varies in the range from 700 to 900 °C. The addition of the additive based on fatty vegetable acids (P502B3) reduced the ignition delay times by 7–10%, when the temperature changed in the range from 700 to 900 °C relative to water-oil fuel. It was found that when using the P502B1 additive in water-oil fuel, it was possible to reduce the ignition delay times by 15–50%. It was determined that in the presence of combustion catalysts, water binds with heavy hydrocarbons and thus the release of volatile substances occurs faster, i. e. the supplied heat is not wasted on heating water into droplets, but evenly affects the entire volume of fuel. The results of the study of anthropogenic emissions showed that the use of additives when burning water-oil fuel reduces the concentrations of CO, CO2, NO, SO2 by 8, 6, 10 and 13%, respectively, compared to fuel oil.