High Levels of Education Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: Results from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study
In: Diabetes care, Jg. 34 (2011), Heft 1, S. 102-107
Online
academicJournal
- print; 6; 23 ref
Zugriff:
OBJECTIVE - To investigate whether the risk for autoimmune diabetes in adults differs between socioeconomic groups and to compare such risk with that for type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — The inhabitants of the Norwegian county of Nord-Trøndelag were investigated by questionnaires and clinical examinations on three occasions during 1984-2008. We used information from a subset consisting of 56,296 subjects (participating in at least two surveys), including 122 incident cases of autoimmune diabetes in adults (aged ≥35 and anti-GAD positive) and 1,555 cases of type 2 diabetes (aged ≥35 and anti-GAD negative). Hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes associated with self-reported education and occupation were estimated by Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS — High levels of education (university versus primary school) were associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diabetes (HR 1.98 [95% CI 1.21-3.26]), after adjustment for BMI, lifestyle factors, and family history of diabetes. Case subjects with high levels of education had lower levels of C-peptide, tended to have higher levels of anti-GAD, and were more often treated with insulin. Conversely, these subjects had a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 0.69 [95% CI 0.57―0.82]), a risk that was partly explained by lower BMI and more physical activity (adjusted HR 0.89 [95% CI 0.74―1.06]). CONCLUSIONS — High levels of education are associated with an increased risk of autoimmune diabetes in adults, a finding that may be mediated by effects on autoimmune activity. Because the association is not explained by traditional risk factors, other, currently unidentified, environmental factors are likely to be involved.
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High Levels of Education Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: Results from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study
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Autor/in / Beteiligte Person: | OLSSON, Lisa ; AHLBOM, Anders ; GRILL, Valdemar ; MIDTHJELL, Kristian ; CARLSSON, Sofia |
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Zeitschrift: | Diabetes care, Jg. 34 (2011), Heft 1, S. 102-107 |
Veröffentlichung: | Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association, 2011 |
Medientyp: | academicJournal |
Umfang: | print; 6; 23 ref |
ISSN: | 0149-5992 (print) |
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